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1. If u got +0.50/+3.00×180 in your refraction and you realized u need to reduce the cylindrical component by 1.00 what will be your new prescription? A. +0.50/+1.0 x 180 B. +0.50/+1.0 x 90 C. +1.0/+2.0 x 180 D. +1.0/+2.0 x 90 Click "Show more" to see the answer and explanation. Show more Ans: c. +1.0/+2.0 x 180If you do Spherical Equivalent of +1, you have to add half of cylinder (+0.50) with the spherical power. So, the final power will be: +1.0/+2.0 x 180 Show less 6. Which readings have the rule Astigmatism? A. 43/44 at 90 B. 44/44 at 18 C. 44/46 at 18 D. 42/46 at 12 Click "Show more" to see the answer and explanation. Show more Ans: a. 43/44 at 90Anatomically, vertical meridian is steeper than the horizontal meridian (that is the rule). Keratometer readings are not like optical cross where power is present 90 degree apart. In keratometer power is mentioned meridianwise directly. So, 90 degrees meridian is steeper (44D) than the 180 degrees meridian (43D) that is an example of with the rule astigmatism. Show less 8. Patient with open angle glaucoma refer to clinic what will be the most importance test to perform? A. Visual Acuity Test. B. AC Angle Evaluation C. Refraction D. Cup-Disc Ration assessment. Click "Show more" to see the answer and explanation. Show more Ans: D. Cup-Disc Ration assessment.Cupping refers to the optic disc changes that occur in glaucoma. While monitoring and assessing the optic disc cupping is an important part of managing glaucoma, it is not the primary management strategy. Show less 10. What telescope used in slit lamp? A. Keplerian Telescope B. Galilean Telescope C. Both A & B D. None of these Ans: B. Galilean Telescope A Galilean Telescope consists of a positive objective lens and a negative eyepiece lens. It is commonly used in low magnification applications, providing a wider field of view compared to a Keplerian Telescope. In a slit lamp, the Galilean Telescope allows the ophthalmologist to visualize the structures of the anterior segment. 4. What is the color of Fluorescein dye when placed in the eye. A. Red B. Blue C. Green D. Black Ans: c. Green Fluorescein dye, when placed in the eye, typically appears as a bright yellow or greenish-yellow color. It is a fluorescent dye that is commonly used in ophthalmology for various diagnostic procedures, such as assessing corneal integrity, detecting corneal abrasions or ulcers, and evaluating tear film dynamics. 2. A patient wearing spectacles RE: +8.50/-1.25 x 170 LE: +1.75/-1.25 x 180 appear double vision only when use the spectacles. What is the most likely cause: A. Optic centre not centred properly B. Frame or lens has bent C. Presence of manifest squint D. None of these Ans: A. Optic centre not centred properly 3. Which condition, enlargement of Blindspot is not seen? A. Papilledema B. Glaucoma C. Diabatic retinopathy D. Optic coloboma Ans: d. Optic coloboma Optic coloboma is a congenital condition where there is a defect or gap in the structure of the optic nerve or retina. It is present from birth and does not typically cause enlargement of the blind spot. Instead, it can result in a permanent visual field defect in the affected area. On the other hand, conditions like a. Papilledema, b. Glaucoma, and c. Diabetic retinopathy can cause an enlargement of the blind spot. 5. Papilledema has all the following characteristics except: A. Marked loss of vision B. Blurring of disc margins C. Hyperaemia of disc D. Field defect Ans: a. Marked loss of vision. Papilledema is a condition characterized by swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure. It is important to note that papilledema itself does not cause a marked loss of vision. The vision loss associated with papilledema is typically secondary to the underlying cause of increased intracranial pressure, such as a brain tumor or intracranial hypertension. 7. Which Laser property is least important in ophthalmic application? A. Energy level B. Power level C. Pulse duration D. Polarity E. Focal spot size Ans: d. Polarity Polarity refers to the direction of the electrical current flow in the laser system. In ophthalmic applications, the majority of lasers used are not polarity-dependent. The laser beam is usually emitted as a coherent light, and the direction of current flow does not have a significant impact on the effectiveness or safety of the treatment. Instead, other parameters such as energy level, power level, pulse duration, and focal spot size are more crucial in determining the desired therapeutic outcome and minimizing potential risks. 9. What is the SI unit of oxygen transmissibility? A. Dk/t B. Dt/k C. tk/D D. t/Dk Ans: A. Dk/t Oxygen transmissibility is a measure of how well a contact lens allows oxygen to pass through to the cornea. It is represented by the value Dk/t, where Dk is the oxygen permeability coefficient of the material and t is the thickness of the lens. Dk/t is expressed in units of barrer/cm or barrer/mm, which are the SI units for oxygen permeability. 11. Most metabolically active layer of cornea? A. Epithelium B. Bowman’s C. Stroma D. Endothelium Ans: A. Epithelium The corneal epithelium is responsible for protecting the eye from external factors, such as dust, debris, and pathogens. It is highly regenerative and has a high metabolic rate to maintain its integrity and perform its functions. The epithelial cells are constantly renewing and have high oxygen and nutrient demands. 12. A patient came into the clinic with a habitual Prescription of +1.75 (OU) Add +1.25 after Subject Refraction, we have +2.00(OU) with tentative Add of +1.75 if you decide to give a single prescription for reading, what will you prescribe from the above findings. A. +1.25 DS B. +1.75 DS C. +2.00 DS D. +3.75 DS Ans: D. +3.75 DS The distance power is added with near power. So single prescription for reading only will be distance power + Near Add or 2.0 + 1.75 = 3.75DS For only distance power single vision lens power will be +2.00DS 13. The commonest cause of low vision in India is? A. Cataract B. Glaucoma C. Diabetic Retinopathy D. Keratoconus Ans: A Cataract, a clouding of the natural lens of the eye, is a leading cause of low vision and blindness worldwide, including India. It can significantly impact vision and require surgical intervention for visual rehabilitation. 14. Drug useful in open angle glaucoma with myopia is A) Pilocarpine 2% B) 0.5% Timolol C) 10% Phenylephrine D) None of these Ans: b) 0.5% Timolol Among the options provided, 0.5% Timolol is the drug commonly used for managing open-angle glaucoma, including cases associated with myopia. Timolol belongs to the class of medications known as beta-blockers, and it works by reducing the production of aqueous humor, the fluid inside the eye that contributes to intraocular pressure. 15. The four-point touch test for a rimless frame alignment should be checked A) Below the nose pads on the backside of the lens B) Above the nose pads on the front side of the lens C) at the level of pard arms attachment D) Both above and below the nose pad on the back side of the lens Ans: d) Both above and below the nose pad on the back side of the lens 16. Name the ocular and systemic disease in which hard exudates are present? Ans: A. Diabetic Retinopathy B. Hypertension C. Both A & B D. None of these. Ans: C. Both A & B 17. Enlarged corneal nerves may be seen in all of the following except : A) Keratoconus B) Herpes simplex keratitis C) Leprosy D) Neurofibromatosis Ans: d) Neurofibromatosis Enlarged corneal nerves, also known as corneal nerve hypertrophy, can be observed in certain ocular and systemic conditions. However, neurofibromatosis, a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system and causes tumors to form on nerves, typically does not manifest as enlarged corneal nerves. 18. All are causes of early onset cataract except a) Diabetic Retinopathy b) Smoking c) Recurrent episodes of diarrhoea d) Hypertension Ans: d) Hypertension 19. Angle alpha is the angle between? A. Pupillary axis and optical axis B. Visual axis and optical axis C. Centre of rotation and line of fixation D. None of these B. Visual axis and optical axis Angle alpha: is the angle formed between the optical axis and the visual axis at the nodal point.

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