Q.31 Which of the following is the correct order of steps involved in the routine processing of tissue specimens for histopathological examination?
- Sectioning → Fixation → Dehydration → Staining → Embedding
- Fixation → Dehydration → Embedding → Staining → Sectioning
- Dehydration → Fixation → Staining → Embedding → Sectioning
- Fixation → Sectioning → Staining → Embedding → Dehydration
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Answer: 2. Fixation → Dehydration → Embedding → Staining → Sectioning.
Explanation:
Tissue processing begins with fixation (preservation), followed by dehydration (water removal), embedding (in paraffin), staining (for contrast), and finally sectioning (slicing). This sequence prevents tissue degradation and ensures optimal microscopic examination.
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Q.32 Which concept represents the additional benefit gained by consuming one more unit of a healthcare service?
- Opportunity cost
- Cost-effectiveness
- Demand elasticity
- Marginal utility
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Answer: 4. Marginal utility.
Explanation:
Marginal utility refers to the added satisfaction or benefit gained from consuming an additional unit of a service. In healthcare, it helps determine the value of incremental treatments or interventions.
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Q.33 What is discharge planning’s primary goal?
- To guarantee that the patient’s treatment continues after they leave the hospital
- To let guests know how the patient is doing
- To make sure the patient gets their prescription on schedule
- To get the hospital room ready for the next patient
Click “Show more” to see the answer and explanation.
Answer: 1. To guarantee that the patient’s treatment continues after they leave the
Explanation:
Discharge planning coordinates post-hospital care, including follow-ups, medications, and rehabilitation. It reduces readmission risks by ensuring seamless transition to outpatient management.
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Q.34 Which of the following lenses is designed to correct vision at three different distances?
- Trifocal lens
- Bifocal lens
- Progressive addition lens
- Monofocal lens
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Q.35 Which of the following is the primary treatment modality for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with significant stenosis and refractory angina?
- Lifestyle modifications
- Beta-blockers
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
- Statin therapy
Click “Show more” to see the answer and explanation.
Answer: 3. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Explanation:
CABG is indicated for significant coronary stenosis when medications fail. It improves blood flow by grafting vessels around blockages, relieving angina and reducing infarction risk.
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Q.36 Which of the following structures plays a primary role in the outflow of aqueous humor and is most commonly implicated in the pathophysiology of primary open-angle glaucoma?
- Vitreous body
- Schlemm’s canal
- Iris root
- Zonules of Zinn
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Q.37 Which of the following best describes an integrated approach to tackling avoidable blindness, and how does it differ from conventional models in terms of sustainability and accessibility?
- It focuses mainly on cataract surgery for elderly patients in city hospitals, limiting outreach and scalability in rural areas.
- It relies solely on government funding and rural volunteer work, making it cost-effective but unsustainable in the long term.
- It prioritizes expensive laser-based technologies and urban tertiary care centers, ensuring only high-income patients access services.
- It integrates community-based screening, cross-subsidized care, and high-volume surgical efficiency, making eye care both affordable and scalable.
Click “Show more” to see the answer and explanation.
Answer: 4. It integrates community-based screening, cross-subsidized care, and high-volume surgical efficiency, making eye care both affordable and scalable.
Explanation:
This sustainable model combines outreach (screening), tiered pricing (cross-subsidy), and high-efficiency services. It expands access to eye care across socioeconomic groups while maintaining quality.
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Q.38 What is accommodation in the eye?
- The ability to see distant objects clearly
- The ability to perceive depth
- The ability to focus on near objects
- The ability to detect color
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Q.39 What is sensory adaptation in vision?
- The ability to detect motion
- The ability to perceive depth
- The ability to focus on near objects
- The ability to adjust to different light levels
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Q.40 A 52-year-old patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with fasting triglyceride levels of 650 mg/dL, total cholesterol of 230 mg/dL, and low HDL-C. According to current lipid management guidelines and the principles outlined in Manual of Lipidology and Handbook of Lipidology, what should be the primary treatment goal and first-line pharmacological intervention in this patient?
- Increasing HDL-C with niacin; start extended-release niacin
- Reducing triglycerides to <500 mg/dL; initiate high-dose omega-3 fatty acids
- Lowering LDL-C with statins; initiate atorvastatin
- Initiate fibrates to target elevated triglycerides and LDL-C simultaneously
Click “Show more” to see the answer and explanation.
Answer: 2. Reducing triglycerides to <500 mg/dL; initiate high-dose omega-3 fatty acids
Explanation:
Guidelines prioritize triglyceride reduction below 500mg/dL to prevent pancreatitis. High-dose omega-3s (EPA/DHA) lower TGs by 30-50% without raising LDL-C like fibrates might.
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