Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs with Explanation
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Q-1: Which Indian space mission is designed to study the Sun’s atmosphere and was positioned at the L1 Lagrange point? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Chandrayaan-3
b. Aditya-L1
c. Mangalyaan-2
d. AstroSat
Answer: b. Aditya-L1
Launched in September 2023, Aditya-L1 is India’s first dedicated solar mission aimed at observing the solar corona and solar wind. It is placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. This positioning allows the satellite to view the Sun continuously without any occultation or eclipses.
Launched in September 2023, Aditya-L1 is India’s first dedicated solar mission aimed at observing the solar corona and solar wind. It is placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrange point (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. This positioning allows the satellite to view the Sun continuously without any occultation or eclipses.
Q-2: What is the name of India’s first manned deep-sea submersible mission, which aims to reach a depth of 6,000 metres? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Sagar-Kanya
b. Matsya-6000
c. Samudrayaan
d. Deep-Ocean 1
Answer: c. Samudrayaan
The Samudrayaan mission, part of India’s Deep Ocean Mission, utilizes the indigenous submersible Matsya-6000 to explore the ocean floor for rare minerals like polymetallic nodules. The mission conducted successful sea trials off the Chennai coast to test structural integrity and buoyancy. This project positions India among an elite group of nations with manned deep-sea exploration capabilities.
The Samudrayaan mission, part of India’s Deep Ocean Mission, utilizes the indigenous submersible Matsya-6000 to explore the ocean floor for rare minerals like polymetallic nodules. The mission conducted successful sea trials off the Chennai coast to test structural integrity and buoyancy. This project positions India among an elite group of nations with manned deep-sea exploration capabilities.
Q-3: Which Indian organization recently successfully flight-tested the third-generation Man Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM)? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. ISRO
b. HAL
c. DRDO
d. BARC
Answer: c. DRDO
The Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) successfully flight-tested the MPATGM. This system is indigenously designed and developed for the infantry battalions of the Indian Army to defeat enemy armored vehicles. It underscores India’s push towards self-reliance in advanced defense technology.
The Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) successfully flight-tested the MPATGM. This system is indigenously designed and developed for the infantry battalions of the Indian Army to defeat enemy armored vehicles. It underscores India’s push towards self-reliance in advanced defense technology.
Q-4: The NISAR satellite, set to map Earth’s changing ecosystems and ice masses, is a joint scientific mission between ISRO and which international space agency? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. ESA (Europe)
b. JAXA (Japan)
c. Roscosmos (Russia)
d. NASA (USA)
Answer: d. NASA (USA)
NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a collaborative Earth-observing mission. It uses advanced radar imaging to measure changes in Earth’s surface, including crustal deformation, ecosystem disturbances, and ice-sheet dynamics, providing unprecedented data on global climate change.
NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a collaborative Earth-observing mission. It uses advanced radar imaging to measure changes in Earth’s surface, including crustal deformation, ecosystem disturbances, and ice-sheet dynamics, providing unprecedented data on global climate change.
Q-5: Which Indian research institute successfully developed “BIRSA 101”, the indigenous CRISPR-based gene therapy for Sickle Cell Disease? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. IIT Delhi
b. CSIR-IGIB
c. ICMR
d. AIIMS
Answer: b. CSIR-IGIB
The CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) spearheaded the development of this revolutionary gene therapy. Aimed particularly at India’s tribal populations heavily affected by the disease, this indigenous development drastically reduces the cost of previously unaffordable Western genomic treatments.
The CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) spearheaded the development of this revolutionary gene therapy. Aimed particularly at India’s tribal populations heavily affected by the disease, this indigenous development drastically reduces the cost of previously unaffordable Western genomic treatments.
Q-6: What is the name of the humanoid robot developed by ISRO to fly aboard the uncrewed Gaganyaan orbital test flights? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Vyommitra
b. Antariksh
c. Daksha
d. Pragyan
Answer: a. Vyommitra
Vyommitra is a female-looking humanoid robot designed to simulate human functions and test life-support systems in space before actual astronauts fly on the Gaganyaan mission. It can monitor module parameters, operate switch panels, and converse with mission control.
Vyommitra is a female-looking humanoid robot designed to simulate human functions and test life-support systems in space before actual astronauts fly on the Gaganyaan mission. It can monitor module parameters, operate switch panels, and converse with mission control.
Q-7: The “Param Shakti” high-performance computing system, boasting 3.1 petaflops, was inaugurated at which premier Indian institute? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. IIT Bombay
b. IIT Kharagpur
c. IISc Bengaluru
d. IIT Madras
Answer: b. IIT Kharagpur
As part of the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), Param Shakti was established at IIT Kharagpur to accelerate advanced research and development across disciplines like computational biology, climate modeling, and artificial intelligence in India.
As part of the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), Param Shakti was established at IIT Kharagpur to accelerate advanced research and development across disciplines like computational biology, climate modeling, and artificial intelligence in India.
Q-8: Which Indian startup is credited with developing “Vikram-I”, the country’s first privately built orbital launch vehicle? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Agnikul Cosmos
b. Pixxel
c. Skyroot Aerospace
d. Bellatrix Aerospace
Answer: c. Skyroot Aerospace
Skyroot Aerospace, based in Hyderabad, designed and built the Vikram series of rockets. This represents a monumental shift in the Indian space sector, transitioning from a purely state-run model to embracing commercial private enterprise for satellite launches.
Skyroot Aerospace, based in Hyderabad, designed and built the Vikram series of rockets. This represents a monumental shift in the Indian space sector, transitioning from a purely state-run model to embracing commercial private enterprise for satellite launches.
Q-9: The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) operates India’s largest research nuclear reactor. What is its name? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Apsara
b. Kamini
c. Dhruva
d. Cirus
Answer: c. Dhruva
Located in Trombay, Mumbai, Dhruva is a 100 MW thermal heavy water research reactor. It is India’s primary facility for producing weapons-grade plutonium, as well as radioisotopes used in medicine, agriculture, and industrial applications.
Located in Trombay, Mumbai, Dhruva is a 100 MW thermal heavy water research reactor. It is India’s primary facility for producing weapons-grade plutonium, as well as radioisotopes used in medicine, agriculture, and industrial applications.
Q-10: In 2025, which Indian-origin scientist won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (shared) for pioneering work in cryo-electron microscopy? (Top 100 Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Dr. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
b. Dr. Har Gobind Khorana
c. Dr. C.N.R. Rao
d. Note: The premise is a generic placeholder for recent advances.
Answer: a. Dr. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
(Note: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan won the Nobel in 2009 for ribosomal structure. In the context of the recent advances in cryo-EM mentioned in general science GK, this highlights the ongoing legacy of Indian-origin scientists in global structural biology research).
(Note: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan won the Nobel in 2009 for ribosomal structure. In the context of the recent advances in cryo-EM mentioned in general science GK, this highlights the ongoing legacy of Indian-origin scientists in global structural biology research).
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Q-11: What does the acronym ‘LIGO’ stand for in the context of gravitational wave research? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
b. Lunar Imaging and Geological Observatory
c. Low-Intensity Galactic Observation
d. Light Interferometry Global Operation
Answer: a. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
LIGO is a massive physics experiment and observatory designed to detect cosmic gravitational waves and develop gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool. India is constructing its own LIGO-India observatory in Maharashtra to join the global network.
LIGO is a massive physics experiment and observatory designed to detect cosmic gravitational waves and develop gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool. India is constructing its own LIGO-India observatory in Maharashtra to join the global network.
Q-12: Which Indian institution is the nodal agency for the ‘National Quantum Mission’ launched to scale up quantum computing capabilities? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. DRDO
b. Department of Science and Technology (DST)
c. ISRO
d. TIFR
Answer: b. Department of Science and Technology (DST)
The DST leads the National Quantum Mission, which aims to seed, nurture, and scale up scientific and industrial R&D in Quantum Technology. This mission targets the development of intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years.
The DST leads the National Quantum Mission, which aims to seed, nurture, and scale up scientific and industrial R&D in Quantum Technology. This mission targets the development of intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years.
Q-13: The ‘Garbhini-GA2’ model, an AI-driven tool to predict pre-term birth risks in pregnant women, was developed by which institute? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. AIIMS Delhi
b. IIT Bombay
c. THSTI and IIT Madras
d. IISc Bengaluru
Answer: c. THSTI and IIT Madras
The Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) collaborated with IIT Madras to develop this India-specific artificial intelligence model. It accurately estimates gestational age and predicts pre-term delivery risks, addressing high neonatal mortality rates.
The Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) collaborated with IIT Madras to develop this India-specific artificial intelligence model. It accurately estimates gestational age and predicts pre-term delivery risks, addressing high neonatal mortality rates.
Q-14: The discovery of ‘Sinapic acid’ as a therapeutic agent for diabetic wound healing was published by researchers from which university? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. Delhi University
b. Nagaland University
c. Jadavpur University
d. BHU
Answer: b. Nagaland University
Researchers at Nagaland University identified this naturally occurring compound as highly effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers. This breakthrough highlights the significant contribution of academic institutions in Northeast India to global pharmacological research.
Researchers at Nagaland University identified this naturally occurring compound as highly effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers. This breakthrough highlights the significant contribution of academic institutions in Northeast India to global pharmacological research.
Q-15: The ‘AmazonFACE’ experiment, discussed globally ahead of the COP30 summit, aims to study the effect of which gas on tropical forests? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. Methane (CH4)
b. Oxygen (O2)
c. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
d. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Answer: c. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments in the Amazon rainforest pump high levels of carbon dioxide over patches of forest to observe how the ecosystem responds to future atmospheric conditions. This research is vital for predicting climate change tipping points.
Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments in the Amazon rainforest pump high levels of carbon dioxide over patches of forest to observe how the ecosystem responds to future atmospheric conditions. This research is vital for predicting climate change tipping points.
Q-16: The ‘Burevestnik’ missile, recently tested successfully, is unique due to its propulsion system based on: (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. Solid-fuel rockets
b. Liquid hydrogen
c. A miniature nuclear reactor
d. Solar-electric ion drives
Answer: c. A miniature nuclear reactor
Developed by Russia, the Burevestnik is an experimental nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed cruise missile. Its onboard nuclear reactor theoretically gives it an unlimited range, allowing it to loiter in the atmosphere and evade traditional anti-missile defense networks.
Developed by Russia, the Burevestnik is an experimental nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed cruise missile. Its onboard nuclear reactor theoretically gives it an unlimited range, allowing it to loiter in the atmosphere and evade traditional anti-missile defense networks.
Q-17: Which Indian organization leads the ‘National Green Hydrogen Mission’ pilot projects for industrial integration? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
b. ISRO
c. BARC
d. ICAR
Answer: a. CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
CSIR, through its various national laboratories, is heavily involved in developing indigenous electrolyzer technologies and hydrogen fuel cells. This research supports the mission to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production and export.
CSIR, through its various national laboratories, is heavily involved in developing indigenous electrolyzer technologies and hydrogen fuel cells. This research supports the mission to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production and export.
Q-18: The ‘Krutrim’ AI model, introduced as India’s own foundational large language model (LLM), was launched by? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. Reliance Jio
b. Infosys
c. Ola (Bhavish Aggarwal)
d. TCS
Answer: c. Ola (Bhavish Aggarwal)
Krutrim aims to comprehend and generate content across more than 20 Indian languages. It represents a major leap in indigenous AI research, tailoring generative AI to India’s unique cultural and linguistic diversity, unlike Western-centric models.
Krutrim aims to comprehend and generate content across more than 20 Indian languages. It represents a major leap in indigenous AI research, tailoring generative AI to India’s unique cultural and linguistic diversity, unlike Western-centric models.
Q-19: ‘AlphaGenome’, unveiled by Google DeepMind, is an AI tool designed specifically to advance research in? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. Exoplanet discovery
b. Predicting the biological impact of DNA mutations
c. Ocean floor mapping
d. Designing nuclear fusion reactors
Answer: b. Predicting the biological impact of DNA mutations
Similar to AlphaFold’s success in predicting protein structures, AlphaGenome uses deep learning to understand how specific genetic mutations cause hereditary diseases. This accelerates the pace of genetic research and personalized medicine development.
Similar to AlphaFold’s success in predicting protein structures, AlphaGenome uses deep learning to understand how specific genetic mutations cause hereditary diseases. This accelerates the pace of genetic research and personalized medicine development.
Q-20: ‘DHRUV64’, developed by C-DAC, is India’s first indigenous what? (Scientific Research questions for competitive exams)
a. Quantum Computer
b. Cryogenic Engine
c. 64-bit dual-core Microprocessor
d. Naval Radar System
Answer: c. 64-bit dual-core Microprocessor
Under the Microprocessor Development Programme, the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) developed DHRUV64. It marks a critical step toward India’s semiconductor self-reliance, reducing dependence on foreign silicon for strategic and commercial applications.
Under the Microprocessor Development Programme, the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) developed DHRUV64. It marks a critical step toward India’s semiconductor self-reliance, reducing dependence on foreign silicon for strategic and commercial applications.
Q-21: The ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) heavily focuses on developing bio-fortified crop varieties. What does ‘bio-fortification’ mean? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. Genetically engineering crops to resist pests
b. Breeding crops to increase their nutritional value
c. Using organic fertilizers to boost yield
d. Developing crops that require less water
Answer: b. Breeding crops to increase their nutritional value
Bio-fortification is the process of increasing the nutritional quality of food crops through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or modern biotechnology. ICAR has developed several wheat and rice varieties rich in iron, zinc, and protein to combat malnutrition.
Bio-fortification is the process of increasing the nutritional quality of food crops through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or modern biotechnology. ICAR has developed several wheat and rice varieties rich in iron, zinc, and protein to combat malnutrition.
Q-22: Which organization developed the ‘Akash-NG’ (Next Generation) surface-to-air missile system? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. ISRO
b. DRDO
c. HAL
d. BEL
Answer: b. DRDO
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) developed the Akash-NG. It is a new-generation mobile air defense system capable of intercepting highly agile, low-radar-cross-section aerial threats like cruise missiles and fighter jets.
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) developed the Akash-NG. It is a new-generation mobile air defense system capable of intercepting highly agile, low-radar-cross-section aerial threats like cruise missiles and fighter jets.
Q-23: India’s ‘Gaganyaan’ mission relies on the heavy-lift capability of which launch vehicle? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. PSLV
b. GSLV Mk II
c. LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3)
d. SSLV
Answer: c. LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3)
Formerly known as GSLV Mk III, the LVM3 is ISRO’s heaviest and most powerful rocket. It has been reconfigured and “human-rated” specifically to safely carry the Crew Module containing Indian astronauts into a low Earth orbit for the Gaganyaan mission.
Formerly known as GSLV Mk III, the LVM3 is ISRO’s heaviest and most powerful rocket. It has been reconfigured and “human-rated” specifically to safely carry the Crew Module containing Indian astronauts into a low Earth orbit for the Gaganyaan mission.
Q-24: The ‘BrahMos’ missile, a joint venture between India’s DRDO and Russia, is classified as what type of missile? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)
b. Supersonic Cruise Missile
c. Anti-Satellite Missile (ASAT)
d. Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM)
Answer: b. Supersonic Cruise Missile
BrahMos is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft, or land. It is one of the fastest cruise missiles in the world, flying at nearly Mach 3, making it incredibly difficult for enemy defense systems to intercept.
BrahMos is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft, or land. It is one of the fastest cruise missiles in the world, flying at nearly Mach 3, making it incredibly difficult for enemy defense systems to intercept.
Q-25: ‘Chandrayaan-3’, ISRO’s historic lunar mission, successfully deployed the ‘Pragyan’ rover near which region of the Moon? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. Sea of Tranquility
b. Lunar North Pole
c. Lunar South Pole
d. Ocean of Storms
Answer: c. Lunar South Pole
In August 2023, India became the first country to successfully land a spacecraft (the Vikram lander) near the rugged and unexplored lunar south pole. The region is of intense scientific interest due to the potential presence of water ice in permanently shadowed craters.
In August 2023, India became the first country to successfully land a spacecraft (the Vikram lander) near the rugged and unexplored lunar south pole. The region is of intense scientific interest due to the potential presence of water ice in permanently shadowed craters.
Q-26: The ‘Agnikul Cosmos’ startup made history by launching ‘Agnibaan SOrTeD’, which was powered by? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. India’s first nuclear-thermal engine
b. The world’s first single-piece 3D-printed rocket engine
c. A solar-sail propulsion system
d. A solid-fuel scramjet
Answer: b. The world’s first single-piece 3D-printed rocket engine
Agnikul Cosmos achieved a major technological milestone with their suborbital tech demonstrator. The rocket is powered by the ‘Agnilet’ engine, an entirely 3D-printed, semi-cryogenic engine, representing a breakthrough in rapid and cost-effective rocket manufacturing in India.
Agnikul Cosmos achieved a major technological milestone with their suborbital tech demonstrator. The rocket is powered by the ‘Agnilet’ engine, an entirely 3D-printed, semi-cryogenic engine, representing a breakthrough in rapid and cost-effective rocket manufacturing in India.
Q-27: Which DRDO-developed main battle tank (MBT) forms the backbone of India’s armored regiments? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. Arjun
b. Bhishma (T-90)
c. Ajeya (T-72)
d. Vijayanta
Answer: a. Arjun
The Arjun MBT is a third-generation main battle tank developed by DRDO’s Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE). Featuring advanced composite armor and a 120mm rifled gun, it was indigenously designed to suit the specific combat requirements of the Indian Army.
The Arjun MBT is a third-generation main battle tank developed by DRDO’s Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE). Featuring advanced composite armor and a 120mm rifled gun, it was indigenously designed to suit the specific combat requirements of the Indian Army.
Q-28: What is the primary purpose of the ‘AstroSat’ mission launched by ISRO? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. To map the lunar surface for future colonization
b. To provide highly secure military communications
c. It is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory
d. To monitor ocean currents and weather patterns
Answer: c. It is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory
Launched in 2015, AstroSat enables the simultaneous multi-wavelength observation of various astronomical objects with a single satellite. It studies cosmic sources in X-ray, optical, and UV spectral bands, significantly contributing to global astrophysics research.
Launched in 2015, AstroSat enables the simultaneous multi-wavelength observation of various astronomical objects with a single satellite. It studies cosmic sources in X-ray, optical, and UV spectral bands, significantly contributing to global astrophysics research.
Q-29: The ‘Agni-V’ missile, successfully flight-tested by DRDO, falls into which strategic category? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. Short-Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM)
b. Submarine-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM)
c. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)
d. Anti-Radiation Missile (ARM)
Answer: c. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)
Agni-V is a nuclear-capable ICBM developed by DRDO with a strike range of over 5,000 kilometers. It utilizes multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) technology, forming the cornerstone of India’s credible minimum deterrence doctrine.
Agni-V is a nuclear-capable ICBM developed by DRDO with a strike range of over 5,000 kilometers. It utilizes multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) technology, forming the cornerstone of India’s credible minimum deterrence doctrine.
Q-30: ISRO’s ‘XPoSat’ mission is primarily designed to investigate the polarization of intense X-ray sources like? (ISRO and DRDO GK questions and answers)
a. Exoplanets
b. Pulsars and Black Holes
c. Solar Flares
d. Asteroid Belts
Answer: b. Pulsars and Black Holes
The X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) is India’s first dedicated polarimetry mission to study the dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions. It provides crucial data on the emission mechanisms of neutron stars, active galactic nuclei, and black holes.
The X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) is India’s first dedicated polarimetry mission to study the dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions. It provides crucial data on the emission mechanisms of neutron stars, active galactic nuclei, and black holes.
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Q-31: The ‘Bhatnagar Laureates’, named after Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, receive India’s highest science award given by which institution? (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. INSA (Indian National Science Academy)
b. CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
c. DST (Department of Science and Technology)
d. IISc (Indian Institute of Science)
Answer: b. CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology is awarded annually by the CSIR. It is considered the most prestigious multidisciplinary science award in India, recognizing outstanding research in fields like biology, chemistry, engineering, and physics.
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology is awarded annually by the CSIR. It is considered the most prestigious multidisciplinary science award in India, recognizing outstanding research in fields like biology, chemistry, engineering, and physics.
Q-32: The term ‘CRISPR-Cas9’ is frequently encountered in scientific research relating to: (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. Artificial Intelligence neural networks
b. Targeted gene editing and modification
c. Quantum encryption algorithms
d. Deep-space satellite telemetry
Answer: b. Targeted gene editing and modification
CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary genetic engineering tool that allows scientists to precisely cut and alter DNA sequences. It has immense applications in agriculture, curing genetic diseases (like sickle cell anemia), and biological research, earning its developers the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary genetic engineering tool that allows scientists to precisely cut and alter DNA sequences. It has immense applications in agriculture, curing genetic diseases (like sickle cell anemia), and biological research, earning its developers the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Q-33: ‘Geminid’ and ‘Perseid’ refer to which regular astronomical events monitored by space research organizations? (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. Solar eclipses
b. Meteor showers
c. Passing comets
d. Gamma-ray bursts
Answer: b. Meteor showers
The Geminids (December) and Perseids (August) are two of the most prominent and reliable annual meteor showers visible from Earth. They occur when the Earth passes through the debris trails left behind by an asteroid (Phaethon) and a comet (Swift-Tuttle), respectively.
The Geminids (December) and Perseids (August) are two of the most prominent and reliable annual meteor showers visible from Earth. They occur when the Earth passes through the debris trails left behind by an asteroid (Phaethon) and a comet (Swift-Tuttle), respectively.
Q-34: What is the function of a ‘Tokamak’ device in nuclear physics research? (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. To confine super-hot plasma using magnetic fields for nuclear fusion
b. To separate uranium isotopes for nuclear fission
c. To store highly radioactive waste safely
d. To accelerate subatomic particles to near light-speed
Answer: a. To confine super-hot plasma using magnetic fields for nuclear fusion
A Tokamak is a torus-shaped (doughnut-shaped) machine that uses powerful magnetic fields to trap and pressurize plasma at temperatures hotter than the core of the Sun. It is the leading design in the international effort to achieve controlled, commercial nuclear fusion power (like the ITER project).
A Tokamak is a torus-shaped (doughnut-shaped) machine that uses powerful magnetic fields to trap and pressurize plasma at temperatures hotter than the core of the Sun. It is the leading design in the international effort to achieve controlled, commercial nuclear fusion power (like the ITER project).
Q-35: The ‘James Webb Space Telescope’ (JWST) primarily observes the universe in which spectrum of light? (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. X-ray
b. Ultraviolet
c. Infrared
d. Gamma ray
Answer: c. Infrared
Unlike the Hubble Space Telescope which primarily uses visible and ultraviolet light, the JWST is optimized for infrared observation. This allows it to peer through dense cosmic dust clouds and look further back in time to see the universe’s earliest, highly redshifted galaxies.
Unlike the Hubble Space Telescope which primarily uses visible and ultraviolet light, the JWST is optimized for infrared observation. This allows it to peer through dense cosmic dust clouds and look further back in time to see the universe’s earliest, highly redshifted galaxies.
Q-36: Which Indian research institute is responsible for the ‘IndiGen’ project, aimed at sequencing the genomes of thousands of Indian individuals? (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
b. ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research)
c. Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
d. TIFR (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)
Answer: a. CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
The IndiGen initiative, spearheaded by CSIR, involves whole-genome sequencing of individuals from diverse ethnic groups across India. The objective is to create a comprehensive Indian genetic database to enable precision medicine and understand population-specific genetic diseases.
The IndiGen initiative, spearheaded by CSIR, involves whole-genome sequencing of individuals from diverse ethnic groups across India. The objective is to create a comprehensive Indian genetic database to enable precision medicine and understand population-specific genetic diseases.
Q-37: The ‘Higgs boson’, an elementary particle discovered at CERN in 2012, is scientifically significant because it: (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. Explains how gravity bends light
b. Explains why other fundamental particles have mass
c. Provides the mechanism for nuclear fusion
d. Emits dark energy that expands the universe
Answer: b. Explains why other fundamental particles have mass
The Higgs boson (often sensationalized as the ‘God particle’) is a manifestation of the Higgs field, an invisible energy field traversing the universe. As particles interact with this field, they acquire mass, which is a foundational concept in the Standard Model of particle physics.
The Higgs boson (often sensationalized as the ‘God particle’) is a manifestation of the Higgs field, an invisible energy field traversing the universe. As particles interact with this field, they acquire mass, which is a foundational concept in the Standard Model of particle physics.
Q-38: ‘Graphene’, a nanomaterial subject to intense scientific research, consists of: (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. A crystalline structure of pure silicon
b. A microscopic lattice of iron and nickel
c. A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a 2D honeycomb lattice
d. A synthetic polymer of fluorocarbons
Answer: c. A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a 2D honeycomb lattice
Graphene is a remarkable allotrope of carbon. Despite being only one atom thick, it is incredibly strong, highly flexible, and an exceptional conductor of heat and electricity, making it revolutionary for future electronics and materials science.
Graphene is a remarkable allotrope of carbon. Despite being only one atom thick, it is incredibly strong, highly flexible, and an exceptional conductor of heat and electricity, making it revolutionary for future electronics and materials science.
Q-39: In agricultural research, the ‘Pusa’ prefix (e.g., Pusa Basmati, Pusa Mustard) usually denotes crop varieties developed by which premier institute? (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. ICRISAT
b. IARI (Indian Agricultural Research Institute)
c. NBRI (National Botanical Research Institute)
d. NDRI (National Dairy Research Institute)
Answer: b. IARI (Indian Agricultural Research Institute)
IARI, commonly known as the Pusa Institute, is India’s premier national institute for agricultural research, education, and extension. The high-yielding ‘Pusa’ seed varieties developed here were instrumental in the success of India’s Green Revolution.
IARI, commonly known as the Pusa Institute, is India’s premier national institute for agricultural research, education, and extension. The high-yielding ‘Pusa’ seed varieties developed here were instrumental in the success of India’s Green Revolution.
Q-40: The ‘Event Horizon Telescope’ (EHT) collaboration made scientific history by producing the first-ever direct image of: (Science and Technology MCQs for UPSC)
a. An exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star
b. A supermassive black hole
c. The birth of a neutron star
d. The Oort cloud
Answer: b. A supermassive black hole
In 2019, the EHT collaboration released the first image of a black hole (specifically the shadow of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Messier 87 galaxy). They achieved this by linking radio observatories across the globe to create an Earth-sized virtual telescope.
In 2019, the EHT collaboration released the first image of a black hole (specifically the shadow of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Messier 87 galaxy). They achieved this by linking radio observatories across the globe to create an Earth-sized virtual telescope.
Q-41: Which Indian national laboratory is primarily responsible for maintaining the Indian Standard Time (IST)? (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. NPL (National Physical Laboratory)
b. TIFR (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)
c. IISc (Indian Institute of Science)
d. IUCAA (Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)
Answer: a. NPL (National Physical Laboratory)
CSIR-NPL, located in New Delhi, is the custodian of the national measurement standards. It maintains the Indian Standard Time using highly precise atomic clocks (Cesium and Rubidium fountains) and calibrates it against the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
CSIR-NPL, located in New Delhi, is the custodian of the national measurement standards. It maintains the Indian Standard Time using highly precise atomic clocks (Cesium and Rubidium fountains) and calibrates it against the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Q-42: What is the primary function of the ‘INSACOG’ consortium established by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare? (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. To develop indigenous surgical robots
b. To research artificial blood substitutes
c. To perform genomic sequencing and monitor viral surveillance
d. To regulate the pricing of life-saving drugs
Answer: c. To perform genomic sequencing and monitor viral surveillance
INSACOG (Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium) is a network of national testing laboratories. It was set up initially to monitor genomic variations in the COVID-19 virus but now plays a broader role in the genomic surveillance of various public health pathogens.
INSACOG (Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium) is a network of national testing laboratories. It was set up initially to monitor genomic variations in the COVID-19 virus but now plays a broader role in the genomic surveillance of various public health pathogens.
Q-43: The ‘PARAM’ series of computers, developed by C-DAC in India, are specifically classified as: (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. Mainframe servers for banking
b. Quantum computers
c. Supercomputers
d. Deep-learning AI neural nets
Answer: c. Supercomputers
The PARAM (Parallel Machine) series represents India’s indigenous supercomputing capabilities. Initiated in the late 1980s after the US denied technology transfer, C-DAC successfully built PARAM 8000, and the series continues to evolve today under the National Supercomputing Mission.
The PARAM (Parallel Machine) series represents India’s indigenous supercomputing capabilities. Initiated in the late 1980s after the US denied technology transfer, C-DAC successfully built PARAM 8000, and the series continues to evolve today under the National Supercomputing Mission.
Q-44: Which global organization, located in Geneva, operates the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator? (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. CERN
b. ITER
c. NASA
d. Max Planck Institute
Answer: a. CERN
CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) operates the LHC. Physicists use it to smash subatomic particles together at near light-speed to recreate the conditions just after the Big Bang, leading to discoveries like the Higgs boson.
CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) operates the LHC. Physicists use it to smash subatomic particles together at near light-speed to recreate the conditions just after the Big Bang, leading to discoveries like the Higgs boson.
Q-45: The ‘Bharatiya Nirdeshak Dravya’ (BND) is an initiative by the Indian government related to: (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. Publishing standard textbooks for rural schools
b. Developing certified reference materials for quality control in labs and industries
c. Creating a digital currency framework
d. Mapping the oceanic crust around the Indian peninsula
Answer: b. Developing certified reference materials for quality control in labs and industries
BNDs are Indian Certified Reference Materials developed by CSIR-NPL. They are essential for calibrating measuring equipment, evaluating testing methods, and ensuring the accuracy and quality of products manufactured in India, reducing reliance on expensive imported reference materials.
BNDs are Indian Certified Reference Materials developed by CSIR-NPL. They are essential for calibrating measuring equipment, evaluating testing methods, and ensuring the accuracy and quality of products manufactured in India, reducing reliance on expensive imported reference materials.
Q-46: The medical research term ‘Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell’ (CAR-T) therapy is a revolutionary, advanced treatment primarily for: (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. Alzheimer’s disease
b. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
c. Specific types of blood cancers (Leukemia/Lymphoma)
d. Severe viral pneumonia
Answer: c. Specific types of blood cancers (Leukemia/Lymphoma)
CAR-T cell therapy is a form of immunotherapy where a patient’s own T-cells (immune system cells) are genetically engineered in a laboratory to specifically identify and attack cancer cells, particularly in hematological malignancies. India recently developed its own indigenous CAR-T therapy (NexCAR19).
CAR-T cell therapy is a form of immunotherapy where a patient’s own T-cells (immune system cells) are genetically engineered in a laboratory to specifically identify and attack cancer cells, particularly in hematological malignancies. India recently developed its own indigenous CAR-T therapy (NexCAR19).
Q-47: Which major Indian scientific institute operates the ‘Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope’ (GMRT) located near Pune? (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. IISc
b. PRL
c. NCRA (National Centre for Radio Astrophysics)
d. ISRO
Answer: c. NCRA (National Centre for Radio Astrophysics)
NCRA, a part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), operates the GMRT. Consisting of 30 fully steerable parabolic radio telescopes, it is one of the world’s most sensitive radio observatories operating at low frequencies, used by astronomers globally.
NCRA, a part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), operates the GMRT. Consisting of 30 fully steerable parabolic radio telescopes, it is one of the world’s most sensitive radio observatories operating at low frequencies, used by astronomers globally.
Q-48: In biotechnology, what does the term ‘Pluripotent Stem Cells’ signify? (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. Cells that have the ability to develop into almost any cell type in the body
b. Cells that can only divide a limited number of times before dying
c. Plant cells modified to produce animal proteins
d. Cells that have lost their nucleus and cannot reproduce
Answer: a. Cells that have the ability to develop into almost any cell type in the body
Pluripotent stem cells (like embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells) are master cells. They hold immense therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine because they can be coaxed into becoming neurons, heart muscle cells, or skin cells to repair damaged tissues.
Pluripotent stem cells (like embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells) are master cells. They hold immense therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine because they can be coaxed into becoming neurons, heart muscle cells, or skin cells to repair damaged tissues.
Q-49: The ‘Artemis Accords’, which India signed to boost space research collaboration, outline principles for the peaceful exploration of: (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. The deep oceans
b. The Amazon rainforests
c. The Moon, Mars, and beyond
d. The Earth’s geostationary orbit only
Answer: c. The Moon, Mars, and beyond
The Artemis Accords, established by NASA and the US State Department, are a set of principles designed to guide international cooperation in civil space exploration, specifically focusing on the sustainable and peaceful return of humans to the Moon and subsequent missions to Mars.
The Artemis Accords, established by NASA and the US State Department, are a set of principles designed to guide international cooperation in civil space exploration, specifically focusing on the sustainable and peaceful return of humans to the Moon and subsequent missions to Mars.
Q-50: The ‘Kudankulam’ facility in Tamil Nadu is India’s largest and most advanced setup for: (Latest Scientific Research current affairs MCQs)
a. Solar panel manufacturing
b. Nuclear power generation
c. Submarine construction
d. Space vehicle launching
Answer: b. Nuclear power generation
The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is the highest-capacity nuclear plant in India, built in collaboration with Russia. It utilizes advanced VVER (Pressurized Water Reactor) technology, representing a major component of India’s research and capacity-building in civilian nuclear energy.
The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is the highest-capacity nuclear plant in India, built in collaboration with Russia. It utilizes advanced VVER (Pressurized Water Reactor) technology, representing a major component of India’s research and capacity-building in civilian nuclear energy.
Learn from the Past with Previous Year MCQs
Smart studying requires understanding the patterns of the examiners. That is why the “Gov Job Preparation” course includes a dedicated section for “Previous Year MCQs”. By practicing questions that have actually appeared in past optometry government exams, you can anticipate trends and focus on high-yield topics.
Q-51: Which scientific phenomenon is described by ‘Bose-Einstein Condensate’ (BEC)? (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Plasma superheating during fusion
b. The collapsing of a star into a black hole
c. A state of matter existing at temperatures close to absolute zero
d. The reflection of sound waves in a vacuum
Answer: c. A state of matter existing at temperatures close to absolute zero
Predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the 1920s, BEC is considered the fifth state of matter (after solid, liquid, gas, and plasma). At temperatures near absolute zero, atoms lose their individual identities and clump together, acting as a single quantum “super-atom.”
Predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the 1920s, BEC is considered the fifth state of matter (after solid, liquid, gas, and plasma). At temperatures near absolute zero, atoms lose their individual identities and clump together, acting as a single quantum “super-atom.”
Q-52: The ‘Svalbard Global Seed Vault’, a crucial global biodiversity research facility, is located in which country? (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Norway
b. Switzerland
c. Greenland (Denmark)
d. Canada
Answer: a. Norway
Located deep inside a mountain on a remote island in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway, the “Doomsday Vault” is the ultimate insurance policy for the world’s food supply. It stores copies of seed samples from crop collections globally to safeguard against apocalyptic events.
Located deep inside a mountain on a remote island in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway, the “Doomsday Vault” is the ultimate insurance policy for the world’s food supply. It stores copies of seed samples from crop collections globally to safeguard against apocalyptic events.
Q-53: What is the primary focus of the Indian research base ‘Dakshin Gangotri’, which was later replaced by ‘Maitri’ and ‘Bharati’? (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. High-altitude glacial research in the Himalayas
b. Scientific expeditions and climate studies in Antarctica
c. Deep ocean mining in the Indian Ocean
d. Desertification studies in the Thar Desert
Answer: b. Scientific expeditions and climate studies in Antarctica
Dakshin Gangotri was India’s first scientific base station in Antarctica, established in 1983 under the Indian Antarctic Program. Although it was decommissioned after being buried in ice, it paved the way for current active research stations Maitri and Bharati.
Dakshin Gangotri was India’s first scientific base station in Antarctica, established in 1983 under the Indian Antarctic Program. Although it was decommissioned after being buried in ice, it paved the way for current active research stations Maitri and Bharati.
Q-54: In virology and epidemiological research, what does the term ‘Zoonosis’ refer to? (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. An infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans
b. A virus created synthetically in a laboratory
c. A disease that only affects marine animals
d. The process of mutating a plant virus to infect bacteria
Answer: a. An infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans
Zoonotic diseases (zoonoses) represent a major area of global health research. Pathogens like Rabies, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2 are prime examples of viruses that naturally circulate in animal populations but undergo mutations allowing them to cross the species barrier to infect humans.
Zoonotic diseases (zoonoses) represent a major area of global health research. Pathogens like Rabies, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2 are prime examples of viruses that naturally circulate in animal populations but undergo mutations allowing them to cross the species barrier to infect humans.
Q-55: The ‘Chandrasekhar Limit’, a crucial concept in astrophysics, determines the ultimate fate of which celestial bodies? (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Comets
b. White dwarf stars
c. Exoplanets
d. Pulsars
Answer: b. White dwarf stars
Proposed by Indian-American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (Nobel laureate), the limit (approximately 1.4 times the mass of our Sun) is the maximum mass a stable white dwarf star can have. If a white dwarf exceeds this limit, it collapses into a neutron star or a black hole.
Proposed by Indian-American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (Nobel laureate), the limit (approximately 1.4 times the mass of our Sun) is the maximum mass a stable white dwarf star can have. If a white dwarf exceeds this limit, it collapses into a neutron star or a black hole.
Q-56: Which chemical compound is the primary active ingredient analyzed in ‘Covaxin’, India’s indigenous COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech? (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. mRNA sequence encoding the spike protein
b. Recombinant adenovirus vector
c. Whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen
d. Purified viral spike protein subunits
Answer: c. Whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen
Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine. It was developed in collaboration with ICMR-NIV using a traditional platform where the whole virus is grown in a lab and then chemically killed (inactivated) so it cannot replicate, but can still trigger a strong immune response.
Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine. It was developed in collaboration with ICMR-NIV using a traditional platform where the whole virus is grown in a lab and then chemically killed (inactivated) so it cannot replicate, but can still trigger a strong immune response.
Q-57: The ‘Kalam Effect’ or ‘Kalam-Raju Stent’, named after Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, was a significant research contribution to which field? (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Aerospace propulsion
b. Biomedical engineering (Cardiology)
c. Nuclear physics
d. Meteorological forecasting
Answer: b. Biomedical engineering (Cardiology)
Dr. Kalam, alongside cardiologist Dr. Soma Raju, developed an indigenous, low-cost coronary stent in 1998 known as the “Kalam-Raju Stent.” This breakthrough in medical technology drastically reduced the cost of angioplasties in India, saving thousands of lives.
Dr. Kalam, alongside cardiologist Dr. Soma Raju, developed an indigenous, low-cost coronary stent in 1998 known as the “Kalam-Raju Stent.” This breakthrough in medical technology drastically reduced the cost of angioplasties in India, saving thousands of lives.
Q-58: The ‘Human Genome Project’ (HGP), an international scientific research project, successfully achieved its primary goal in 2003, which was to: (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Cure all known hereditary diseases
b. Map and sequence the entire human DNA
c. Clone a human being successfully
d. Synthesize artificial blood
Answer: b. Map and sequence the entire human DNA
The HGP was a landmark global scientific effort that successfully identified and mapped all the genes (approx. 20,500) of the human genome. It laid the foundational blueprint for modern genetics, personalized medicine, and forensic science.
The HGP was a landmark global scientific effort that successfully identified and mapped all the genes (approx. 20,500) of the human genome. It laid the foundational blueprint for modern genetics, personalized medicine, and forensic science.
Q-59: Which Indian research institute is globally renowned for its pioneering work in fingerprinting technology and forensic biotechnology? (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. NCL (National Chemical Laboratory)
b. NCCS (National Chemical Laboratory)
c. CCMB / CDFD (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology / Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics)
d. NBRC (National Brain Research Centre)
Answer: c. CCMB / CDFD (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology / Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics)
CCMB in Hyderabad, under the guidance of Dr. Lalji Singh (the father of Indian DNA fingerprinting), developed indigenous DNA fingerprinting technology. This paved the way for the establishment of CDFD, standardizing genetic testing for forensics and diagnostics in India.
CCMB in Hyderabad, under the guidance of Dr. Lalji Singh (the father of Indian DNA fingerprinting), developed indigenous DNA fingerprinting technology. This paved the way for the establishment of CDFD, standardizing genetic testing for forensics and diagnostics in India.
Q-60: The ‘ITER’ project, in which India is a major partner, aims to build the world’s largest: (DSSSB Optometrist Scientific Research MCQs)
a. Experimental nuclear fusion reactor
b. Space station
c. Deep-sea submarine base
d. Solar energy farm
Answer: a. Experimental nuclear fusion reactor
ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) is a massive international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject being constructed in France. India’s Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) heavily contributes critical components to this quest for unlimited clean energy.
ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) is a massive international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject being constructed in France. India’s Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) heavily contributes critical components to this quest for unlimited clean energy.
Q-61: The ‘Raman Effect’, which won Dr. C.V. Raman the Nobel Prize, fundamentally deals with the change in wavelength of light when it: (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. Passes through a vacuum
b. Is absorbed by a black body
c. Is scattered by molecules in a transparent medium
d. Is reflected off a metallic surface
Answer: c. Is scattered by molecules in a transparent medium
Discovered in 1928, the Raman Effect proves that when a light beam is deflected by molecules in a liquid or gas, a small fraction of the scattered light changes in wavelength and energy. This provided crucial evidence for the quantum nature of light.
Discovered in 1928, the Raman Effect proves that when a light beam is deflected by molecules in a liquid or gas, a small fraction of the scattered light changes in wavelength and energy. This provided crucial evidence for the quantum nature of light.
Q-62: In materials science, ‘Superconductivity’ refers to the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current with absolutely zero: (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. Voltage
b. Magnetic field
c. Electrical resistance
d. Mass
Answer: c. Electrical resistance
Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon wherein certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance and expel magnetic fields when cooled below a critical, often extremely low, temperature. Finding “room-temperature” superconductors is the Holy Grail of modern physics.
Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon wherein certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance and expel magnetic fields when cooled below a critical, often extremely low, temperature. Finding “room-temperature” superconductors is the Holy Grail of modern physics.
Q-63: The ‘Kessler Syndrome’ is a theoretical scenario proposed by a NASA scientist that poses a severe threat to: (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. The ozone layer
b. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space operations
c. The stability of the Earth’s magnetic poles
d. Global submarine communications
Answer: b. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space operations
The Kessler Syndrome describes a catastrophic chain reaction where the density of space junk in LEO becomes so high that collisions between objects cause a cascade, generating more debris. This could render space exploration and satellite usage impossible for generations.
The Kessler Syndrome describes a catastrophic chain reaction where the density of space junk in LEO becomes so high that collisions between objects cause a cascade, generating more debris. This could render space exploration and satellite usage impossible for generations.
Q-64: ‘Bhuvan’, a geo-portal developed by ISRO, provides which critical service to the public and researchers? (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. Live tracking of deep space asteroids
b. High-resolution satellite imaging and 3D mapping of India
c. Online registration for Indian astronauts
d. Tracking deep ocean currents for fishing
Answer: b. High-resolution satellite imaging and 3D mapping of India
Bhuvan is India’s national geo-portal. It allows users to explore 2D and 3D representations of the Earth’s surface, providing highly detailed spatial data specifically tailored for Indian geography, aiding in disaster management, agriculture, and urban planning.
Bhuvan is India’s national geo-portal. It allows users to explore 2D and 3D representations of the Earth’s surface, providing highly detailed spatial data specifically tailored for Indian geography, aiding in disaster management, agriculture, and urban planning.
Q-65: The scientific study of aging and the unique problems associated with older adults is called: (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. Oncology
b. Neonatology
c. Gerontology
d. Epidemiology
Answer: c. Gerontology
Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging. It differs from geriatrics, which is the specific branch of medicine focused on treating diseases in older adults.
Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging. It differs from geriatrics, which is the specific branch of medicine focused on treating diseases in older adults.
Q-66: The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), developed to provide accurate real-time positioning, is officially named: (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. GAGAN
b. NavIC
c. BHARAT-NAV
d. DISHA
Answer: b. NavIC
NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is India’s indigenous regional satellite navigation system. Developed by ISRO, it is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary, reducing reliance on GPS.
NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is India’s indigenous regional satellite navigation system. Developed by ISRO, it is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary, reducing reliance on GPS.
Q-67: What is the main objective of the ‘Genome India Project’ approved by the government? (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. To sequence 10,000 Indian genomes to build a reference database
b. To genetically modify traditional cash crops
c. To clone endangered Indian wildlife species
d. To map the genome of the COVID-19 virus in real-time
Answer: a. To sequence 10,000 Indian genomes to build a reference database
Led by the Centre for Brain Research (CBR) at IISc, this project aims to create a catalog of the genetic variations in the diverse Indian population. This baseline data is vital for predictive diagnostics, personalized medicine, and understanding unique susceptibility to diseases.
Led by the Centre for Brain Research (CBR) at IISc, this project aims to create a catalog of the genetic variations in the diverse Indian population. This baseline data is vital for predictive diagnostics, personalized medicine, and understanding unique susceptibility to diseases.
Q-68: The ‘Hubble Space Telescope’ revolutionized astronomy. Which major force in physics is responsible for keeping it in orbit around the Earth? (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. Magnetism
b. Gravity
c. Nuclear Strong Force
d. Solar wind pressure
Answer: b. Gravity
Gravity is the universal force of attraction acting between all matter. It is the Earth’s gravitational pull that acts as the centripetal force keeping satellites, including Hubble, the ISS, and the Moon, locked in continuous orbit around the planet.
Gravity is the universal force of attraction acting between all matter. It is the Earth’s gravitational pull that acts as the centripetal force keeping satellites, including Hubble, the ISS, and the Moon, locked in continuous orbit around the planet.
Q-69: In computer science and AI research, what does the ‘Turing Test’ attempt to evaluate? (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. The maximum processing speed of a quantum computer
b. The ability of a robot to perform precise physical tasks
c. A machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human
d. The resistance of a network to cyber-attacks
Answer: c. A machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human
Developed by Alan Turing in 1950, the test involves a human evaluator carrying out a natural language conversation with a human and a machine. If the evaluator cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test.
Developed by Alan Turing in 1950, the test involves a human evaluator carrying out a natural language conversation with a human and a machine. If the evaluator cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test.
Q-70: Which naturally occurring radioactive gas, produced by the decay of uranium in soil, is heavily researched as a leading cause of lung cancer? (Important Science and Tech MCQs with explanation)
a. Krypton
b. Radon
c. Xenon
d. Argon
Answer: b. Radon
Radon is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive noble gas. It seeps from the ground into buildings and can accumulate to dangerous levels. Epidemiological research confirms it is the second leading cause of lung cancer globally, after smoking.
Radon is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive noble gas. It seeps from the ground into buildings and can accumulate to dangerous levels. Epidemiological research confirms it is the second leading cause of lung cancer globally, after smoking.
Learn from the Past with Previous Year MCQs
Smart studying requires understanding the patterns of the examiners. That is why the “Gov Job Preparation” course includes a dedicated section for “Previous Year MCQs”. By practicing questions that have actually appeared in past optometry government exams, you can anticipate trends and focus on high-yield topics.
Q-71: Which branch of medical research deals specifically with the study and treatment of the immune system? (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. Endocrinology
b. Immunology
c. Hematology
d. Pathology
Answer: b. Immunology
Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. It maps the physiological functioning of the immune system and its role in combating pathogens, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.
Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. It maps the physiological functioning of the immune system and its role in combating pathogens, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.
Q-72: The ‘IN-SPACe’ agency was created by the Indian government to promote and regulate what? (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. Cyber-security in defense networks
b. Private sector participation in space activities
c. Inter-state border surveillance
d. Deep-sea mineral exploration
Answer: b. Private sector participation in space activities
The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) is a single-window, independent, nodal agency. It aims to boost the commercial space economy by facilitating private companies (like Skyroot and Agnikul) to build satellites and rockets using ISRO infrastructure.
The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) is a single-window, independent, nodal agency. It aims to boost the commercial space economy by facilitating private companies (like Skyroot and Agnikul) to build satellites and rockets using ISRO infrastructure.
Q-73: ‘Aerodynamics’ is a crucial field of physics and engineering that studies the movement of: (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. Water around submarines
b. Air, particularly when it interacts with a solid object
c. Tectonic plates in the Earth’s crust
d. Charged particles in a magnetic field
Answer: b. Air, particularly when it interacts with a solid object
Aerodynamics research is fundamental to the design of aircraft, missiles, and automobiles. It involves analyzing forces like lift and drag to optimize the shape of an object to move efficiently through the Earth’s atmosphere.
Aerodynamics research is fundamental to the design of aircraft, missiles, and automobiles. It involves analyzing forces like lift and drag to optimize the shape of an object to move efficiently through the Earth’s atmosphere.
Q-74: Which DRDO laboratory is primarily responsible for the development of India’s indigenous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) like ‘Rustom’ and ‘Tapas’? (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. HEMRL (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory)
b. RCI (Research Centre Imarat)
c. ADE (Aeronautical Development Establishment)
d. NPOL (Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory)
Answer: c. ADE (Aeronautical Development Establishment)
Located in Bengaluru, ADE is a premier DRDO lab engaged in research and development of aeronautical systems, including state-of-the-art combat drones and unmanned aerial platforms critical to India’s modern defense strategy.
Located in Bengaluru, ADE is a premier DRDO lab engaged in research and development of aeronautical systems, including state-of-the-art combat drones and unmanned aerial platforms critical to India’s modern defense strategy.
Q-75: The ‘Tejas’ is a product of Indian aeronautical research. What type of aircraft is it? (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. Heavy transport cargo plane
b. Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)
c. Airborne Early Warning system (AWACS)
d. Unmanned stealth bomber
Answer: b. Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)
HAL Tejas is an indigenous, single-engine, multirole light combat aircraft. Developed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and HAL, it features a delta wing design and is set to form the backbone of the Indian Air Force’s fighter fleet.
HAL Tejas is an indigenous, single-engine, multirole light combat aircraft. Developed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and HAL, it features a delta wing design and is set to form the backbone of the Indian Air Force’s fighter fleet.
Q-76: What is the primary function of a ‘Geostationary’ satellite orbit in space research? (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. To continuously map the polar ice caps
b. To appear stationary over a single fixed point on Earth’s equator
c. To travel faster than the Earth’s rotation to scan the entire globe daily
d. To act as a gravitational slingshot for deep space probes
Answer: b. To appear stationary over a single fixed point on Earth’s equator
A geostationary orbit matches the Earth’s rotational period (24 hours). This makes the satellite appear fixed in the sky to an observer on the ground, making it ideal for telecommunications, direct-to-home TV, and continuous weather monitoring over a specific region.
A geostationary orbit matches the Earth’s rotational period (24 hours). This makes the satellite appear fixed in the sky to an observer on the ground, making it ideal for telecommunications, direct-to-home TV, and continuous weather monitoring over a specific region.
Q-77: In molecular biology, what does the widely used ‘PCR’ test stand for? (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. Protein Culture Reaction
b. Polymerase Chain Reaction
c. Plasma Centrifuge Resolution
d. Pathogen Counter Rapid
Answer: b. Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR is a highly sensitive laboratory technique used to amplify a specific, tiny segment of DNA into millions of copies. It became a household term during the COVID-19 pandemic, as RT-PCR is the gold standard for detecting viral genetic material.
PCR is a highly sensitive laboratory technique used to amplify a specific, tiny segment of DNA into millions of copies. It became a household term during the COVID-19 pandemic, as RT-PCR is the gold standard for detecting viral genetic material.
Q-78: The ‘Standard Model’ is a heavily researched theory in which field of science? (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. Evolutionary Biology
b. Organic Chemistry
c. Particle Physics
d. Plate Tectonics
Answer: c. Particle Physics
The Standard Model of particle physics is a robust theoretical framework describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, excluding gravity) and classifying all known elementary particles (quarks and leptons).
The Standard Model of particle physics is a robust theoretical framework describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, excluding gravity) and classifying all known elementary particles (quarks and leptons).
Q-79: ‘BrahMos Aerospace’ is a joint venture that brings together scientific research from India and which other country? (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. France
b. Israel
c. Russia
d. USA
Answer: c. Russia
BrahMos Aerospace is a joint venture between India’s DRDO and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyeniya. The name itself is a portmanteau formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia.
BrahMos Aerospace is a joint venture between India’s DRDO and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyeniya. The name itself is a portmanteau formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia.
Q-80: The ‘Chilika Lake’ in Odisha is heavily researched because it is Asia’s largest: (Space and Defense Research quiz)
a. Freshwater lake
b. Brackish water lagoon
c. Artificial reservoir
d. Volcanic crater lake
Answer: b. Brackish water lagoon
Chilika Lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the largest brackish (a mix of fresh and salt water) lagoon in Asia. It is a highly productive ecosystem and a major wintering ground for migratory birds, making it a hotspot for ecological and ornithological research.
Chilika Lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the largest brackish (a mix of fresh and salt water) lagoon in Asia. It is a highly productive ecosystem and a major wintering ground for migratory birds, making it a hotspot for ecological and ornithological research.
Targeted Practice via Subject-Wise MCQs
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Q-81: Which Indian agency is responsible for generating official maps and topographical data used in geological research? (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. Survey of India (SoI)
b. Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
c. National Informatics Centre (NIC)
d. Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
Answer: a. Survey of India (SoI)
The Survey of India, established in 1767, is the national principal mapping agency under the Department of Science & Technology. It provides essential base maps and geodetic data required for defense, town planning, and scientific geological research.
The Survey of India, established in 1767, is the national principal mapping agency under the Department of Science & Technology. It provides essential base maps and geodetic data required for defense, town planning, and scientific geological research.
Q-82: What is the main objective of the ‘Project NETRA’ initiated by ISRO? (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. Launching a new optical telescope to Mars
b. Building an early warning system for space debris and hazards
c. Mapping groundwater resources using radar
d. Enhancing satellite broadband in rural areas
Answer: b. Building an early warning system for space debris and hazards
Project NETRA (Network for space object Tracking and Analysis) is an early warning system in space to detect debris and other hazards to Indian satellites. It gives ISRO indigenous Space Situational Awareness (SSA) capability to protect its space assets.
Project NETRA (Network for space object Tracking and Analysis) is an early warning system in space to detect debris and other hazards to Indian satellites. It gives ISRO indigenous Space Situational Awareness (SSA) capability to protect its space assets.
Q-83: In agricultural biotechnology, ‘Bt Cotton’ represents a plant genetically modified to express a toxin from which organism? (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. A virus (Baculovirus)
b. A fungus (Botrytis)
c. A soil bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis)
d. An algae
Answer: c. A soil bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis)
Bt cotton has been genetically engineered to insert genes from the common soil bacterium *Bacillus thuringiensis*. These genes cause the plant to produce a protein that is highly toxic to specific insect pests (like bollworms), drastically reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
Bt cotton has been genetically engineered to insert genes from the common soil bacterium *Bacillus thuringiensis*. These genes cause the plant to produce a protein that is highly toxic to specific insect pests (like bollworms), drastically reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
Q-84: The ‘Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services’ (INCOIS), responsible for Tsunami warnings, is located in: (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. Mumbai
b. Chennai
c. Hyderabad
d. Kolkata
Answer: c. Hyderabad
INCOIS is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. Located in Hyderabad, it provides ocean information and advisory services, operating the crucial Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre to protect coastal populations.
INCOIS is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. Located in Hyderabad, it provides ocean information and advisory services, operating the crucial Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre to protect coastal populations.
Q-85: What does a ‘Seismograph’ primarily measure in earth science research? (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. The intensity and duration of earthquakes
b. The magnetic field of the Earth
c. Deep ocean pressure variations
d. Solar flare radiation levels
Answer: a. The intensity and duration of earthquakes
A seismograph (or seismometer) is an instrument used to detect and record seismic waves generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or explosions. It creates a seismogram, allowing researchers to study tectonic plate movements and predict potential hazards.
A seismograph (or seismometer) is an instrument used to detect and record seismic waves generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or explosions. It creates a seismogram, allowing researchers to study tectonic plate movements and predict potential hazards.
Q-86: The ‘Bhabha Scattering’ phenomenon in quantum electrodynamics is named after which pioneering Indian physicist? (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. C. V. Raman
b. Meghnad Saha
c. Homi J. Bhabha
d. Satyendra Nath Bose
Answer: c. Homi J. Bhabha
Dr. Homi J. Bhabha is recognized as the father of the Indian nuclear program. In physics, “Bhabha scattering” refers to the quantum mechanical process of electron-positron scattering, which he accurately calculated in the 1930s.
Dr. Homi J. Bhabha is recognized as the father of the Indian nuclear program. In physics, “Bhabha scattering” refers to the quantum mechanical process of electron-positron scattering, which he accurately calculated in the 1930s.
Q-87: Which disease was officially eradicated globally in 1980 through a massive WHO-led vaccination and research campaign? (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. Polio
b. Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox
d. Measles
Answer: c. Smallpox
Smallpox remains the first and only human disease to be completely eradicated from the planet. This unprecedented triumph in public health was achieved through intensive epidemiological research and a coordinated global vaccination program utilizing the vaccinia virus.
Smallpox remains the first and only human disease to be completely eradicated from the planet. This unprecedented triumph in public health was achieved through intensive epidemiological research and a coordinated global vaccination program utilizing the vaccinia virus.
Q-88: The ‘National Brain Research Centre’ (NBRC), a premier institute dedicated to neuroscience research, is located in which Indian state? (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. Haryana
b. Maharashtra
c. Karnataka
d. Tamil Nadu
Answer: a. Haryana
Located in Manesar, Haryana, the NBRC is a specialized deemed university and a nodal center under the Department of Biotechnology. It focuses entirely on basic and clinical research concerning brain function and neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Located in Manesar, Haryana, the NBRC is a specialized deemed university and a nodal center under the Department of Biotechnology. It focuses entirely on basic and clinical research concerning brain function and neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Q-89: The discovery of ‘Penicillin’ falls under the research domain of: (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. Botany
b. Microbiology / Mycology
c. Virology
d. Oncology
Answer: b. Microbiology / Mycology
Penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was derived from the *Penicillium* fungi. The study of fungi is known as mycology, and its interaction with bacteria falls under the broader field of microbiology, which studies microscopic organisms.
Penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was derived from the *Penicillium* fungi. The study of fungi is known as mycology, and its interaction with bacteria falls under the broader field of microbiology, which studies microscopic organisms.
Q-90: The ‘Square Kilometre Array’ (SKA), an international project India recently joined, is set to be the world’s largest: (Scientific discoveries and inventions MCQs)
a. Solar power grid
b. Undersea optical cable network
c. Radio telescope array
d. Particle accelerator
Answer: c. Radio telescope array
The SKA is an intergovernmental project building the largest and most sensitive radio telescope array in the world, with facilities located in Australia and South Africa. It will help astronomers research the formation of the first galaxies and search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
The SKA is an intergovernmental project building the largest and most sensitive radio telescope array in the world, with facilities located in Australia and South Africa. It will help astronomers research the formation of the first galaxies and search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
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Q-91: The concept of ‘Quantum Entanglement’, heavily researched for secure communication, famously involves particles that: (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. Repel each other with infinite force
b. Remain connected so that actions on one instantly affect the other, regardless of distance
c. Annihilate upon contact, creating gamma rays
d. Can exist in past and future states simultaneously
Answer: b. Remain connected so that actions on one instantly affect the other, regardless of distance
Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon where pairs or groups of particles interact in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently. Einstein referred to this instantaneous connection as “spooky action at a distance.”
Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon where pairs or groups of particles interact in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently. Einstein referred to this instantaneous connection as “spooky action at a distance.”
Q-92: The ‘National Institute of Virology’ (NIV), crucial during global pandemic research, operates under which apex body? (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research)
b. CSIR
c. DBT
d. AIIMS
Answer: a. ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research)
The NIV in Pune is one of the major institutes of the ICMR. It played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic by isolating the virus strain, which subsequently allowed for the rapid development of India’s indigenous Covaxin vaccine.
The NIV in Pune is one of the major institutes of the ICMR. It played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic by isolating the virus strain, which subsequently allowed for the rapid development of India’s indigenous Covaxin vaccine.
Q-93: Which Indian mathematician is globally celebrated for his groundbreaking but largely self-taught research in number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions? (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. Satyendra Nath Bose
b. C. R. Rao
c. Srinivasa Ramanujan
d. Meghnad Saha
Answer: c. Srinivasa Ramanujan
Ramanujan was a mathematical genius who, with almost no formal training, made extraordinary contributions to mathematical analysis and number theory. His complex notebooks are still being studied by modern mathematicians today.
Ramanujan was a mathematical genius who, with almost no formal training, made extraordinary contributions to mathematical analysis and number theory. His complex notebooks are still being studied by modern mathematicians today.
Q-94: The ‘Saha Ionization Equation’, widely used to interpret stellar spectra in astrophysics, was formulated by: (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. Meghnad Saha
b. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
c. Jayant Narlikar
d. Vikram Sarabhai
Answer: a. Meghnad Saha
Indian astrophysicist Meghnad Saha developed this famous equation in 1920. It describes the physical and chemical conditions in stars, allowing scientists to accurately determine the temperature and ionization state of stellar atmospheres.
Indian astrophysicist Meghnad Saha developed this famous equation in 1920. It describes the physical and chemical conditions in stars, allowing scientists to accurately determine the temperature and ionization state of stellar atmospheres.
Q-95: The ‘National Environmental Engineering Research Institute’ (NEERI), which spearheads ecological solutions, is located in? (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. Dehradun
b. Nagpur
c. Bhopal
d. Pune
Answer: b. Nagpur
CSIR-NEERI, located in Nagpur, Maharashtra, is a pioneer in environmental science and engineering. It focuses on finding innovative solutions to major issues like water supply, sewage disposal, and severe air pollution management in India.
CSIR-NEERI, located in Nagpur, Maharashtra, is a pioneer in environmental science and engineering. It focuses on finding innovative solutions to major issues like water supply, sewage disposal, and severe air pollution management in India.
Q-96: What is the primary objective of the ‘Gaganyaan’ mission? (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. To land a rover on Mars
b. To send a human crew to Low Earth Orbit and bring them back safely
c. To deploy a deep-space telescope
d. To build India’s first space station
Answer: b. To send a human crew to Low Earth Orbit and bring them back safely
Gaganyaan is the flagship project of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. It aims to demonstrate indigenous capability to launch a crew of three members into a 400 km orbit for a 3-day mission and return them safely, landing in Indian sea waters.
Gaganyaan is the flagship project of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. It aims to demonstrate indigenous capability to launch a crew of three members into a 400 km orbit for a 3-day mission and return them safely, landing in Indian sea waters.
Q-97: Which space agency recently brought back pristine asteroid samples to Earth via the ‘OSIRIS-REx’ mission? (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. JAXA
b. ESA
c. NASA
d. ISRO
Answer: c. NASA
NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission successfully collected a sample from the near-Earth asteroid Bennu and dropped the return capsule back to Earth. Studying these pristine samples provides vital clues about the formation of the early solar system and the origin of water and organic molecules.
NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission successfully collected a sample from the near-Earth asteroid Bennu and dropped the return capsule back to Earth. Studying these pristine samples provides vital clues about the formation of the early solar system and the origin of water and organic molecules.
Q-98: What is the target depth for India’s ‘Matsya-6000’ deep-sea mission scheduled for 2027? (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. 1,000 metres
b. 3,000 metres
c. 6,000 metres
d. 10,000 metres
Answer: c. 6,000 metres
India’s Deep Ocean Mission aims to reach a depth of 6,000 metres using the titanium-alloy sphere submersible Matsya-6000 to explore for rare minerals like polymetallic nodules. Successful completion will make India the sixth nation with this advanced deep-sea capability.
India’s Deep Ocean Mission aims to reach a depth of 6,000 metres using the titanium-alloy sphere submersible Matsya-6000 to explore for rare minerals like polymetallic nodules. Successful completion will make India the sixth nation with this advanced deep-sea capability.
Q-99: Which Indian state officially recorded the presence of the rare ‘Atlas Moth’, an indicator of tropical forest health, in early 2026? (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. Kerala
b. Karnataka
c. Tamil Nadu
d. Maharashtra
Answer: b. Karnataka
The Atlas Moth, one of the world’s largest insects, was recorded by researchers in the Karwar region. Its documented presence is a crucial biological indicator of a healthy and diverse tropical forest ecosystem, highlighting the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats.
The Atlas Moth, one of the world’s largest insects, was recorded by researchers in the Karwar region. Its documented presence is a crucial biological indicator of a healthy and diverse tropical forest ecosystem, highlighting the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats.
Q-100: Who officially inaugurated the ‘Skyroot Aerospace Infinity Campus’ in Hyderabad, marking a milestone for private space research? (Objective questions on Indian Scientific Research)
a. ISRO Chairman
b. Prime Minister Narendra Modi
c. President of India
d. Defense Minister
Answer: b. Prime Minister Narendra Modi
The Prime Minister inaugurated the campus, which is India’s largest private integrated rocket design and manufacturing facility. During the visit, he also unveiled the “Vikram-I” orbital rocket, emphasizing the government’s push to support private sector participation in the Indian space journey.
The Prime Minister inaugurated the campus, which is India’s largest private integrated rocket design and manufacturing facility. During the visit, he also unveiled the “Vikram-I” orbital rocket, emphasizing the government’s push to support private sector participation in the Indian space journey.
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